Demographic Changes in America (1607-1914) - 1167 Words

Demographic Changes in America (1607-1914) Historical records of American demography start with the settlement of Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. Puritans landed in Plymouth and made a home for themselves with the help of Native Americans. These first immigrants in the colonies (British, Dutch, and German), moved to America between the early 17th and late 18th centuries in what was known as Old Immigration. During the colonial period, the birth rate was high but the life expectancy was low. It was common for people to live up until their mid-thirties and families consisted of six to eight children, of which usually just three survived past childhood. The population of the colonies rose to over two million by 1765. The birth rate and life†¦show more content†¦Rachel Diao, Sam Jiang Demographic Changes in America 1. Which time period in American history saw a drop in fertility rate? a. Revolutionary War era b. Civil War era c. Reconstruction era d. Progressive era 2. During â€Å"New Immigration†, the majority of the immigrants were: e. Chinese f. Japanese g. Southern Europeans and Russians h. Germans and Scots-Irish 3. Which group fled to Utah because of religious persecution? i. Puritans j. Mormons k. Roman Catholics l. New Lights 4. Why did life expectancy decrease in the 1880s? m. Inexperienced doctors n. Poorly sanitized medical equipment o. Disease and poor conditions in cities p. Lack of contraceptives and STI’s 5. Which group was drawn to the US during the Industrial Revolution? q. Chinese r. Japanese s. Mexicans t. Europeans 6. Why did the birth rate drop during the Civil War? u. Mobilization of young men v. Increased infant mortality w. Development of birth control technologies x. Low morale 7. How did poor Europeans enter the US from 1880-1914? y. Through Angel Isl and z. Stowing away on cargo ships {. Through Boston Harbor |. Through Ellis Island 8. The GreatShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesTiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Read MoreRethinking Mercantalism Essay15042 Words   |  61 Pagesof the philosopher’s stone.† The Council of Castile sought colonies in the New World exclusively in â€Å"the hope of finding treasures of gold there.† â€Å"The first adventurers of all the other nations of Europe, who attempted to make settlements in America,† Smith noted with contempt, â€Å"were animated by the like chimerical views; but they were not equally successful.†1 With these elegant words and with his tightly reasoned arguments, Smith seared into the imagination of generations of scholars andRead MoreInstitution as the Fundamental Cause of Long Tern Growth39832 Words   |  160 Pagesthe appropriate theoretical framework as a dynamic one with political institutions and the distribution of resources as the state variables. These variables themselves change over time because prevailing economic institutions affect the distribution of resources, and because groups with de facto political power today strive to change political institutions in order to increase their de jure political power in the future. Economic institutions encouraging economic growth emerge when political institutionsRead MoreDividend Theories and Their Arguments19045 Words   |  77 Pagessecurity then traded, namely government bonds. Bonds paid a regular and stable interest payment, and corporate managers found that investors preferred shares that performed like bonds (i.e. paid a regular and stable dividend). For example, Bank of North America in 178 1 paid dividends after only six months of operation, and the bank charter entitled the board of directors to distribute dividends regularly out of profits. â€Å"Paying consistent dividends remained of paramount importance to managers during theRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 Pagesspending, and for other purposes. 1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- 2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF DIVISIONS, TITLES, rmajette on DSK29S0YB1PROD with BILLS 4 5 AND SUBTITLES. (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 6 ‘‘Affordable Health Care for America Act’’. VerDate Nov 24 2008 12:56 Oct 30, 2009 Jkt 089200 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H3962

A Trip On A Family Vacation At California, Disneyland, The...

I’ve been on a family vacation for ten days that included a road trip to California, Disneyland, the beach, and a family reunion camping trip. It was a pretty ambitious trip and has provided an interesting reflection on budgeting – budgeting time, budgeting money, and budgeting food. I read an article recently that said the biggest reason people are late is that they are too optimistic. I laughed out loud when I read that. I so often optimistically try to fit in one more thing before I leave and then end up leaving late or I get too optimistic about there not being any traffic and then I am shocked when I hit traffic and arrive late. Truly budgeting time in a way that makes me not late means budgeting for contingencies, allowing room for things to go wrong, and knowing everything will not go as planned, but still being able to arrive on time. I have to put extra time into my time budget, or I run out of time too soon. I think the same is true for food and money too. I have to plan for contingencies, know everything will not go as planned, and add in extra room when I can. I took money expert Dave Ramsey’s â€Å"Financial Peace University† class just before I left on vacation and so made an effort to budget my vacation money the way he recommends, using envelopes for each category. I separated our travel food budget into 10 envelopes, one for each day of the trip, and put cash into each envelope to use on food each day. What a challenge that has been! There have been meals where

Err for Level 2 Childcare Free Essays

string(83) " then they should produce this complaint in writing addressed to their supervisor\." Task A AII * to research employment laws on goggle * to contact a law firm * To visit business link online and to search for employment laws. Aii a) * Time off holidays * pay * working hours b) * Employment rights * Health safety * Discrimination equalities Aiii, employment laws exist to provide protection for the employee and for the employer. Task B Bi, The terms and conditions of my employment are: the date in which I commenced my employment. We will write a custom essay sample on Err for Level 2 Childcare or any similar topic only for you Order Now My job title, this explains what my title is and has a brief description of what my roles will be. My place of work, this explains where my main place of work will be and that I may be needed in other branches. It also explains that I will be given a months notice if my place of work changes. My salary, this explains what my hourly rate will be and how it will be paid into my account. It also states that my salary will be reviewed each year and that I will be notified in writing if there is any change to my pay. My hours of work, this explain what my hours of work will be and what I am required to work each week. This also tells me when my hours are i. e. times and days. It also states that I am required to work additional hour’s holiday holiday pay. This gives a brief explanation of when the holiday year begins and ends. When holiday can and cannot be taken. It also states that on the termination of my employment during a holiday year I will be entitled to holiday pay in lieu if it is outstanding. Trial periods/notice. This explains when my trial is and for how long and that it will be reviewed at the end of the trial period. It also explains that the company can extend the trial period and can dismiss you is they feel you are not capable of doing your job. They will give one weeks notice within the trial period of dismissal or extension of the trial. During the trial period or extension of this employees are not entitled to holiday. sickness and unavoidable absence, this section explains that if you are unable to attend work for any reason and it has not been authorised by the company you need to contact your line manager by a certain time and you must speak with them as you cannot leave a message. If you are unable to attend work for more that 7 days which includes weekends then you must provide a medical certificate, after the 8th day of sickness a medical note must be provided to the company on a weekly basis. Sick pay. this section explains that if you are absent from work due to sickness or injury that you will not be entitled to sick pay unless you have paid national insurance then statutory sick pay is entitled. It is also saying that if you qualify for statutory sick pay that this will be paid in accordance with the provisions of the social security contributions and benefits act 1992. pensions. This gives a brief explanation that there is no pension’s scheme applicable. Termination of employment, in this section it is briefly explaining that the period of notice will be given to me in writing. The period of notice will change depending on how long I have been working for the company. It is also explaining that if I wish to terminate my contract that it must be in writing and that the minimum notice period is a month, which does not include holidays. Company policies and procedures, this section explains that I will comply with the companies policies and procedures and those copies have been made available. raining, this section explains that all employees are expected to train to the level of their job role, and need to hold several certificates within the first 6 months of employment. confidentiality, in this section it explains that I shall not during or after my employment disclose any information about the company or its clients. Deductions from salary, this expl ains that the company reserves the right to reclaim monies from overpayment, holiday pay, or costs incurred for failure to attend training. It states that this will be deducted from salary payments or if the employee has left will be asked for payments in cheque or cash. hanges to your terms or employment, this explains that the company reserves the right to make any changes to the terms and conditions of employment and that no less that one months notice will be given of any changes. Grievance procedure, this explains that if I have a grievance relating to my employment that I should raise this is writing in accordance to the grievance procedure. disiplinary dismissal procedures. This explains that any disciplinary action relating to employment or dismissal procedure will be handled in accordance with the correct procedure. Bii, the information which needs to be shown on my pay slip is: * the companies name, * The department or branch that I work in. * the payment method * payment period * the description i. e. basic pay * the amount of hours * the hourly rate * the amount I have been paid * the amount of tax that I have paid for that week/month * the amount of national insurance I have paid for that week/month * the total gross pay TD * gross for tax TD * tax paid TD * Earnings for national insurance to date * national insurance to date the earnings for that week/month for national insurance * the gross for tax for that week/month * total gross pay for that week/month * National insurance number. * net pay * The week/ month number that it is. * the date * your tax code * your employee number * employee name Biii * change of your name i. e. getting married * Change of address. Biv, stage 1 If an employee has a formal grievance then they should produce this complaint in writing addressed to their supervi sor. You read "Err for Level 2 Childcare" in category "Papers" If their complaint is against their supervisor they should then address it to a manager. A manager will then organise a meeting within 5 working days of the complaint, with the employee to discuss their grievance. The employee has the right to bring with them to the meeting a colleague. The colleague chosen to accompany will be able to take paid time off for this meeting. The employee with the complaint must take all steps to attend this meeting. The company will then respond to the grievance as soon as possible normally within 5 working days of the meeting. If it is not possible to respond within the 5 working days the employee will be notified of the delay and told when the response will be. The employee will then be told in writing of the company’s decision and of the employee’s right to appeal against this. Stage 2 If the employee with the grievance is not satisfied with the company’s decision they can appeal in writing to the manager within 5 working days of the company’s decision. When the employee has received the appeal letter a chairperson will make plans to hear the employee’s grievance at an appeal meeting. The employee may be accompanied by a colleague of their choice as in the perilous meeting. Again the employee must take all steps to attend this appeal meeting. As in step 1 the company will respond as quickly as they can to get the matter resolved. If there is as delay it employee will be informed in writing. In the grievance procedure this is the final stage and the company’s decision will be final and cannot be raised again. Bv The agreed ways of working with my employer in relation to data protection are: I have signed my contract to say that I will not share any information about the company’s employees or the clients, and that I am aware of the implications of the data protection act 1998 as it affects my roles and responsibilities within the company. I have been given a copy of the grievance procedure and understand this fully I have also signed in my contract to say that I understand the procedure. I have read through the complaints procedure as it is explaining about conflict management, which I fully understand. By working with my employer I can help to resolve any complaints by following this procedure. I have read the dealing with racial harassment policy which outlines discrimination against anyone on the grounds of race, colour, nationality or ethnicity. I have also read through the equality ; diversity policy. By reading through these policies I can help my colleagues deal with any situation, I now also know the correct procedure in dealing with any discrimination situation. I have read through the health and safety policy and fully understand it. By having this knowledge I now know what to do when any health or safety issues arise. I now know how to deal with them and what the correct procedure is in respect of documenting the issue. I have read through the confidentiality policy and fully understand that that the information used on our clients will only be used for their welfare and will not be passed onto anyone else. By having this knowledge I can help to keep our clients information’s confidential. I have read through the whistle blowing policy ~; procedure and understand that it is important to raise any issues that are whistle blowing to management so that the issue can be dealt with quickly to ensure the safety of our employees and clients. By having this knowledge I now know the correct procedure to raise any issues or concerns that relates to the company. BVi My role contributes to the overall delivery of the service provided by assisting with planning, preparing and delivering play opportunities within a safe environment. Providing care, collection and delivery of children. Providing drinks and snacks and making sure that hygiene and health and safety procedures are met. Giving first aid when required. Asking the children and inviting them to help with activity planning. Also going to appropriate and relevant training courses to help with any issues. To keep the place of work healthy safe and secure. BVii a) By following best practice within my work role I can set a good example to less experienced employees and to the clients. By showing best practice I can create confidence within the setting to ensure that clients continue to come back to us. b) By not carrying out the requirements of my role I could damage the service that the company provides. If a client were to see me not carrying out the requirements it would leave a bad impression on the company and result to the client leaving. It could also teach less experienced employees that this is acceptable behaviour and they could then follow suit and the quality of the service would be non existent. BViii My own work must be influenced by national factors because it is the agreed way of working. The government has set up different national factors to help us to provide a safer and happier learning environment and this should be followed in every workplace. Bix a) OFSTEAD ; Social Services b) Ofsted’s role is to make sure that all childcare providers meet the requirements of the EYFS ( early year’s foundation stage). ofsteads also make sure that the childcare providers are protecting children, help children to be healthy safe and enjoy and achieve, make positive contributions and develop key skills. o promote high quality care, learning and development and to reassure parents. Social Services role is to provide advice and emotional support and to arrange care services to help people, this could be parents and children under pressure. people with physical or learning disabilities and people with mental health problems. Task C to be able to work as a play worker I need to t rain in First Aid, Child Protection, Food hygiene, Health safety, Manual Handling. I will also need to complete my N. V. Q level 2 certificates for the children. nd young people’s workforce. once I have completed this I would like to continue to work towards my N. V. Q level 3. once I have completed my level 3 I would like to work towards becoming a play leader within my branch. I would also like to work to becoming a classroom assistant and looking for the correct qualifications to do this. I will need to be level 2 certificates for teacher assistants. there is a wide range of different certificates to choose from and I can also work towards level 3. which I would like to do. nce I have gained these qualifications I can then branch out to work with children that have disabilities. I think that this would be something that I would like to do. Task D The issue raised is: are children safe at nursery? the case that I am going to look at is when a three year old girl was attac ked at her nursery by a two year old. the little girl was taken to hospital with a suspected broken eye socket. the police were called to investigate the attack but could not proceeded as the child was below the legal criminal age, which is ten in this country. he adults that were supervising the children six of the eight staff was in a separate room drinking tea and chatting. the staff knew that this child had attacked other children before and had left her unattended. the negative points of view in this case are that if the child were to continue to attack children then why the parents weren’t notified. Also why weren’t the children’s parents giving a warning. if this child continued to miss behave why didn’t the nursery staff expel the child? why wasn’t the nursery staff there to oversee the children and make sure that they were playing safely? he other points are that they child is only two, therefore is not aware of their actions and how it co uld hurt someone. I think that with this case there are several other cases that are similar. I think that people within the childcare service need to be fully qualified to deal with children that have bad tempers and are badly behaved. that staff should be watching the children of a young age at all times. I think that people’s opinions are affected once a negative story has been brought to attention. eople are not going to want to put there children into care at this nursery because this could happen to their children. the fact that the staff was also not doing their jobs properly will bring a negative vibe to the nursery and parents will not want to leave their children in the nurseries care. I think that people are persuaded by negative stories rather than positive. people will be able to remember the negative things rather than the positive which is why doing everything right is good as it sets a positive example of the place of work. How to cite Err for Level 2 Childcare, Papers

Oz Supermarket Innovation In Management †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Oz Supermarket Innovation In Management? Answer: Introduction This report is a case study of Oz Supermarket change which has implemented a new technology that would be explored here to understand the potential of innovation in the retail space. This report deals with two key questions with respect to retail stores that include exploration of the innovation used in the retail space and of methods used for improving customer service. The paper explores the case of Oz Super market that has applied technology innovation to its retail store payment systems by installing a PayWave technology that allows customers to make purchases on the go without the need to stand in queues waiting to complete transactions. The store sells household goods, non-perishable items and stationary. With the implementation of PayWave technology, the shopping experience of customers would improve as shopping will become fast and more convenient. The report would also explore more potential ways that customer services can be improved in the store besides this newly implemen ted technology. Business operation Oz Supermarket is a retail store that sells household, stationery and non-perishable goods in the store. Recently, the retailer has implemented an innovative payment and delivery system to reduce the inconvenience of customers that is caused by waiting in long queues for making payments. Customers of today have less time and thus, they always look for services that are fast and waiting in queues of payment is seen as a major cause of inconvenience for such a customer. The new technology has solved this problem by deploying a PayWave technology in which the customers can make automatic payments that get calculated as they add the items in the cart while shopping and while leaving the shop, they just need to wave the card to make the payments which gets deducted from the card balance. PayWave technology utilizes a contactless payment system that comes with a card which has money balance filled using which the purchases can be made from the store. The cart is connected with this prepaid card such that with every item addition, the corresponding bill gets generated and charged to the connected card. Each cart uses a RFID reader which records the details of the items added and updates the same in the membership card. In case, the customer is new and does not have any membership card, a cash amount is taken by the cashier against whom a new card is immediately issued using which shopping can be continued by the store visitor. In the case, shopping items exceed the card limit; an alarm rings to alert the customer and the store staff. Besides this technology, the retailer offers some more services to its customers such as display of shopping summary of cart at stations and timed car parking facilities allowing low cost parking in non-peak periods. A the shopping cart it self adds to the bill and updates the same in the card, customers do not have to wait for billing and payment which saves time as well as brings convenience to the customer (Reinartz, Dellaert, Krafft, Kumar, Varadarajan, 2011). Recommendations There are several retail store modes that exist in the world such as Amazon and Carrefour. These models can be explored to understand what recent retail innovations have been used in the industry such that their best practices are identified and can be used for making recommendations for the improvement of the Oz Supermarket retail store. Thus, these models were explored and certain recommendations were drawn from the lessons including: Google had launched a concept called Zero Moment of truth (ZMOT) that used the conversations between the company and its customers while they went through the process of purchase including sales talks, customer reviews, and direct customer interactions, to explore customers. If the same technology can be adopted for the Oz supermarket, it would help the retailer track buyer behavior in the journey of purchase which can help the retailer understand the needs and preferences of customers such that better marketing and other plans can be formulated to improve the customer service(Nielsen , 2013). Instead of just the store, Oz can make use of multiple channels to reach out to their customers such as ecommerce system that allows customers to make orders online or do pre-orders for goods that can be picked from the store upon visit. As online selling systems are increasing day by day with more and more customers adopting it, absence of the facility would make the company lose on opportunities. An addition of the online and home delivery purchase option would add convenience of shopping to customer and increase sales for the retailer. Oz superstore can launch a mobile application which customers can use for tracking their purchases or may be explore additional features like surfing lists, recipe recommendations, a and so on. The application would serve as a guide to picking, refining quantities, and scheduling deliveries. This would add to convenience for the customer thereby enhancing customer satisfaction because of enhanced shopping experience. An increase in satisfaction can result into increased number of customers buying from Oz superstore. Improve customer service The customer service at the Oz superstore can be improved by the retailer in several ways that have been discovered upon studying various methods and strategies used by other successful retailers in the world. These strategies include: Communication strategy: Keeping a control over the operational costs is very challenging in a retail organization as it needs employees of the company to be productive as well as the processes to be efficient. Communication can help employees of the store and its managers collaborate and work effectively. If a two-way radio system can be implemented allowing continuous communication between them then it can help employees stay focused and solve issues of slow requests and out of stock conditions. Moreover, customer complaints can also responded to easily such that they can be tackled well. Retail Markdown Optimization: Retailers have a lot of market pressure from competition as in this industry, consumer preferences keep on changing as retailers respond to these changing demands quickly to retain more customers with them. The objective of any retail establishment is to makes sales in a way that maximizes its profits. In such a situation, a strategy called Retail Markdown Optimization can be used such that retailer can take right decisions on inventory and pricing while taking care of the business constraints. This innovation in inventory management would enable company to take appropriate decisions on manipulation of the prices and stocking of the goods as per seasonal requirements. This would help retailer avoid problematic situations like too low pricing leading to margin reduction and too high pricing discouraging customers from purchasing thereby reducing demand and increasing left over stock. Oz Supermarket already forecasts its demand but it does not consider the complete product life cycle which can be done with the retail mark down optimization enabling retailer to judge the impacts of the decisions on the full product life cycle such that full merchandize value can be realized(Marx Erasmus, 2006). There are some applications available in the market that can be used for retail markdown optimization such as retail applications from oracle and SAS that are used for inventory management, merchandize clearance, product life cycle pricing and study of impacts of promotion (Oracle, 2015). Variations in the consumer demand can be incorporated as per geography or demography such that most profitable markdown events can be created and most profitable inventory locations can be identified. The optimization would thus improve eth performance of the store by helping it achieve its financial targets by taking right pricing decisions that help maximize the profits. Best deals can be formulated for extending benefits to customers while at the same time ensuring that the retailer is also benefited appropriately(Dydacomp, 2014). Besides these technological developments suggested, there can be some more methods that would help the retailer improve its customer service at the store and some of them are recommended below: Creation of customer oriented culture: a culture that is focused on the customer service can be instilled in the organization by aligning the staff of the superstore towards this goal. For this, first the staff would be selected on the basis of their tendency to serve customers and then structures would be formed supporting customer support. Customer satisfaction may be measured from time to time such that teams are both aware and focused on customer service (Salmon, 2013). Total Customer Experience: The store can provide certain add-on services for its customers over its core and basic services which would give a wholesome experience to the customer beginning from the entry in the store till the exit. Wave card is already a technology implemented that would take care of the inconvenience caused to customers as they keep standing in queues waiting to make final purchases. However, some more facilities such as appropriate lightening, easy navigation, and soothing music can be added to enhance the experience and thereby the customer satisfaction (CSSP, 2007). Improving business operations Business operations of the Supermarket store can also be improved using following methods: Data Analytics: The point sales data can be analyzed using data analytics systems such that most appropriate mechanizing techniques and promotional strategies can be formulated for different customers based on their segments. These segments could be based on psychographics or demographics. The retailer may also store the in-store experiences of consumers and use the same for analyses such that loyalty programs can be designed or improved based on consumer preferences(IBM, 2010). Automated inventory management: The inventory at the store can be managed using automatic processes that would enhance the efficiency as well as improve the accuracy of the inventory management system. The activities that can be automated in these processes can include tagging of products, printing, layout designing, price management, and so on. This would help retailer streamline its operations beginning from the activity of receiving stocks. Coding the products, tagging them, picking from store, and packing, shipping in case of home deliveries, item tracking and inventory replenishment when the stock is getting over. The resulting benefits would be reduced errors, reduced resource requirements, increased sales, increased customer satisfaction and increased productivity(Motorola Solutions, Inc., 2013). Conclusions The report explored the operations of a retail store called Oz Super market that has recently installed a PayWave technology that allows customers to make payments through a prepaid card on the go eliminating the need for them to wait at the billing counter for building and payment. They would pick the items to put in the cart which would be linked with the card such that the price for every item added gets deducted from the card balance automatically and the final payment is received at the store at the time of exit when the customer waves the card at a machine. There were some more technologies and other customer serve enhancement strategies that were discussed in the paper such as automated inventory management, markdown optimization, zero moment of truth, multichannel promotions, ecommerce implementation, mobile application development, real time data analytics, real time communication management, total customer experience management ,and so on. All these strategies were found to be innovate and were used in other retail stores that got benefited with improved efficiency of services, increased customer satisfaction, enhanced decision making in terms of pricing, promotion, and inventory management, and so on. Thus, the methods can be recommended for Oz supermarket such that the addition of these technologies and implementation of the suggested strategies would being major operational as well as strategic benefits for the organization which would be beneficial for the organization into eh long run. Some benefits that can be expected with these implementations include profitability enhancement, customer loyalty enhancement, reduction in errors, increased customer satisfaction, improved customer experience, increased product life cycle values, and so on References CSSP. (2007). Customer Satisfaction: IMPROVING QUALITY AND ACCESS TO SERVICES AND SUPPORTS IN VULNERABLE NEIGHBORHOODS. Center for Study of Social Policy. Dydacomp. (2014). Drive Your Retail Sales Growth With Operational Efficiencies eBook. Dydacomp. IBM. (2010). Increasing Sales, Improving Efficiency, Working Smarter in Retail. IBM. Marx, N. J., Erasmus, A. C. (2006). An evaluation of the customer service in supermarkets in Pretoria East, Tshwane Metropolis, South Africa. Journal of Family Ecology and Consumer Sciences, 55-67. Motorola. (2009). Improve Customer Service with Instant Communication. Motorola. Motorola Solutions, Inc. (2013). IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY AND CUSTOMER SERVICE IN THE RETAIL STORE WITH AUTOMATED INVENTORY MANAGEMENT. Motorola Solutions, Inc. Nielsen . (2013). Continuous Innovations: The Key to Retail Success. The Nielsen Company. Oracle. (2015). Oracle Retail Markdown Optimization. Oracle. Reinartz, W., Dellaert, B., Krafft, M., Kumar, V., Varadarajan, R. (2011). Retailing Innovations in a Globalizing Retail Market Environment. Journal of Retailing , S53S66. Salmon, K. (2013). The Compelling, though Sometimes Elusive, Benefits of Markdown Optimization. Kurt Salmon.